CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Juliette Portala

News & Views

Carbon dioxide removals: On your marks, get set, emit?

In the aftermath of the COP28, experts re-examine the role of carbon removal technologies to help us reach carbon neutrality

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Can Nordic oil fund’s private equity push green its portfolio?

Norway’s $1.5 bn sovereign wealth fund could make its debut on the private equity markets, filling a niche for climate financing

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COP28: Could the EU be at the forefront of a global breakup with fossil fuel subsidies?

The surge in fossil fuel subsidies to counter the energy crisis has made their phaseout a priority at the COP28 climate summit and the EU appears to be paving the way

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Investors and biodiversity: Young love, new challenges

Investors continue to struggle with integrating biodiversity in their decision-making process

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Will France’s bet on mandatory ‘Say on Climate’ resolutions pay off?

As pressure on companies to disclose their environmental impact grows, France is opting for a mandatory ‘Say on Climate’ law

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Phoenix Group’s climate chief on how asset owners can drive change

Head of climate change at Phoenix Group Bruno Gardner speaks about active engagement to drive decarbonisation efforts

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Exclusive: ‘Divest if you foresee an acute risk,’ says Munich Re’s ESG chief

The head of ESG investments at Munich Re speaks about calculating and managing net zero risks in investment portfolios

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Ageas’ investment chief: ‘Brown companies have no future’

Wim Vermeir, the CIO at insurance company Ageas, explains to Net Zero Investor how to go the distance in the complex transition to net zero

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PensionDanmark’s ESG chief: ‘To maintain high returns, we take a little more risk’

PensionDanmark’s ESG head Jan Kæraa Rasmussen explains to Net Zero Investor why his pension fund is betting big on renewables

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Nordea’s climate chief: ‘An immediate and complete withdrawal from fossil fuels is not the answer’

Peter Sandahl tells Net Zero Investor that investors should not merely focus on reducing financed emissions

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Elo’s responsible investment chief: Together with other investors we have ‘more power’

Responsible investment head Anna Varpula at Finland’s Elo opens up about the firm’s engagement and stewardship approach

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Fasten your seatbelts: Aviation’s investment flows may well turn green

Could the aviation sector’s investment structures turn entirely green? The EU firmly believes €820bn in sustainable cashflows are ready for take off

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The legal net zero swamp that is sucking ING and Citigroup down under

A controversial gas project in Australia is increasingly turning into a PR disaster for some of the world’s biggest banks

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Net zero focus in France growing as climate motions hit corporates

Investors and regulators in Europe’s second-largest market are increasingly looking to introduce net zero-related motions

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ThomasLloyd’s CFO looks east but ‘China is not appropriate for our risk appetite’

Vivienne Maclachlan focuses on Asia as a rapidly emerging giant in the renewable energy investment space

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Varma’s Hanna Kaskela on active ownership and spotting investment trends

NZI sits down with Hanna Kaskela, head of responsible investment and sustainability at Finnish insurance firm Varma

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Vincent Damas: ‘We don’t pretend to be cleverer than the IEA or IPCC’

The head of corporate social responsibility at France’s CNP Assurances told NZI he looks to find a balance between scientists and investors

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Investors in France hold their breath as stricter rules and fund labels loom

The country’s markets watchdog has proposed strict new environmental standards for investors

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Revealed: American mid-tier banks’ climate targets lag top counterparts

Less than a fifth of all mid-tier banks in the United States have explicit net-zero targets

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AP7’s Charlotta Dawidowski Sydstrand: ‘we invest in what the reality looks like’

The ESG head at one of Sweden's largest pension funds shows how a portfolio can help markets develop sustainably

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World Bank: After Malpass the ‘climate denier’, Banga the ‘green saviour’?

US President Joe Biden has nominated General Atlantic's vice chairman Ajay Banga to lead the World Bank. Who is he?

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ArcelorMittal faces questions over ‘two-speed decarbonisation’

On its way towards net-zero, the Luxembourg-based multinational is accused of planning to develop ‘green steel’ in Europe, while building new blast furnaces in India

News & Views

‘Misleading’ net-zero pledges build misunderstanding of short-term needs

The long-term climate pledges of major global companies are ambiguous and distract from the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions this decade, a new study shows.

icon roundtable

Carina Silberg: ‘We believe in the companies we have selected’

From ‘ethical’ analyst to head of governance and sustainability at one of the largest occupational pension companies in Europe, Carina Silberg discusses what asset owners can expect from the companies in which they invest

News & Views

Kari Vatanen: ‘Things are not black and white’

The head of investment strategy at Finnish pension insurer Veritas explains how company engagement, as an integral part of responsible investing, is essential to the net-zero emissions trajectory

News & Views

BNP Paribas taken to task over fossil fuel funding reductions

Called out as one of the world’s largest banks backing the fossil fuel industry, BNP Paribas has strengthened its commitment to the low-carbon transition but is still falling short of activist expectations