CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

In focus

News & Views

GIC spotlights resilience in climate solutions investment outlook

Latest disclosures show physical risk and energy security shaping strategic priorities

By Atharva Deshmukh

Latest


News & Views

‘Tipping points could become material over five to ten years’: how USS approaches climate risk

As USS publishes its ninth TCFD report, the UK's largest private pension scheme explains why it is moving away from precise climate forecasts in favour of a greater focus on near-term tipping points, macroeconomic resilience and portfolio flexibility

News & Views

Australian sovereign climate fund announces leadership change

Paul McCartney, will take charge as CEO, marking the end of Ian Learmonth’s tenure at the helm


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Earlier this month

News & Views

Europe’s 2026 heatwave brings climate catastrophe risk into focus

Aon’s analysis of catastrophe risk in H1 2026 highlights emerging climate vulnerabilities

By Atharva Deshmukh

Features


News & Views

CalPERS ‘on track’ with £100bn climate commitments, CIO says

CalPERS CIO Stephen Gilmore has confirmed the fund is on track to meet its commitment to deploy $100bn in climate investments by 2030, as the largest US public pension fund disclosed double-digit returns driven by strong private market and equity performance

News & Views

Investors urge Andy Burnham to provide clarity on North Sea oil and gas policy

The UK's incoming prime minister has been urged to 'stand firm' on net zero, as investors highlight the importance of policy certainty for long-term capital allocation



In-Person


Streamed

NZI with Atharva - what does the war in Iran mean for the global energy transition?

Kingsmill Bond, energy strategist at Ember, joins NZI’s Atharva Deshmukh to discuss what the war in Iran means for the global energy transition, making the case that this could accelerate, rather than slow down the shift to renewable energy.

Streaming

NZI with Atharva: looking back at COP30 - where to next?

Atharva Deshmukh discusses the highlights of COP30 with Sung-Ah Kyun, associate director and head of policy, research and partnerships at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and Antonina Scheer, deputy director, policy at TPI Global Climate Transition Centre at the LSE.

Streaming

NZI with Atharva: green bond fees - can banks have their cake & eat it too? 

Despite widely prevalent fossil fuel lending and the NZBA ceasing operations, green bonds are a profitable business opportunity for banks. How long can banks have their cake and eat it too? Josephine Richardson, MD & head of research at Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute (AFII) joins Atharva Deshmukh to discuss the latest trends in syndication fees and why that matters

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