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CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

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COP30 stocktake: what did Belém deliver?

With COP30 wrapping up, a fossil fuel phase-out agreement turned out to be elusive but COP30 delivered several investor-relevant outcomes. From TFFF and forest financing to grid investment and adaptation finance, here’s what the mutirão means for investors

By Atharva Deshmukh

Making NDCs investable: What sovereign bond investors want from COP30

As the COP30 summit in Belem draws to a close, sovereign debt investors are assessing whether lofty climate promises can translate into investable insights.

‘No transition without transmission’: utilities alliance announces infrastructure fund

Members of the Utilities for Net Zero Alliance are set to invest $82bn annually in grids

Emissions

COP30: UN climate chief predicts first drop in emissions as renewables scale up

Policy

COP30 stocktake: what did Belém deliver?

Making NDCs investable: What sovereign bond investors want from COP30

‘No transition without transmission’: utilities alliance announces infrastructure fund

COP30: UN climate chief predicts first drop in emissions as renewables scale up

COP 30: Brazil’s Tropical Forest Forever Facility needs $100bn of institutional capital