CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
Briefs

Norges Bank set to diversify renewable infrastructure investments

Norges Bank Investment Management, which manages $1.8tn for Norway’s Government Pension Fund Global, has published a new three-year strategic plan. The plan – which outlines the fund’s priorities – includes a push to diversify NBIM’s renewable energy investments towards a broader range of technologies and more indirect investments.

The strategic blueprint, the fund says, supports its core mandate of maximising long-term, risk-adjusted returns.

“The strategy sets out how we will work to become the best and most respected large investment fund in the world. We look forward to putting it into action over the next three years”, commented NBIM chief executive Nicolai Tangen.

As part of it, NBIM is set to diversify its exposure to renewable infrastructure. These investments have been hitherto focused on an unlisted portfolio of solar and wind energy assets.

In H1 2025, returns from these holdings were estimated at 9.4%, compared to listed equity returns of 6.7% and fixed income returns of 3.3%.

“To take full advantage of the investable market, we will continue to invest directly in wind and solar power and increase investments in distribution and storage as investment opportunities arise”, the plan reads.

In addition to investing in a more diverse range of technologies, the fund will look to increase indirect exposure. In September this year, NBIM announced an inaugural transition fund investment in Brookfield Asset Management’s Global Transition Fund II.

According to the 2028 strategic plan, this could be a sign of things to come.

“We will gradually invest more through indirect structures. These are resource-efficient and suited for technologies where individual assets are small or as a first step to investing in new markets and technologies”, NBIM’s plan outlines.

Another strategic blueprint - NBIM’s 2030 Climate Action Plan - published earlier this year, echoes this embrace of renewable energy infrastructure as an investment opportunity.

This push for more unlisted, indirect, infrastructure exposure is not intended to replace its listed markets investments. NBIM’s latest thinking suggests the fund is looking for synergies between private and public market opportunities.


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