• Atmospheric CO2 /Parts per Million /Annual Averages /Data Source: noaa.gov

  • 1980338.91ppm

  • 1981340.11ppm

  • 1982340.86ppm

  • 1983342.53ppm

  • 1984344.07ppm

  • 1985345.54ppm

  • 1986346.97ppm

  • 1987348.68ppm

  • 1988351.16ppm

  • 1989352.78ppm

  • 1990354.05ppm

  • 1991355.39ppm

  • 1992356.1ppm

  • 1993356.83ppm

  • 1994358.33ppm

  • 1995360.18ppm

  • 1996361.93ppm

  • 1997363.04ppm

  • 1998365.7ppm

  • 1999367.8ppm

  • 2000368.97ppm

  • 2001370.57ppm

  • 2002372.59ppm

  • 2003375.14ppm

  • 2004376.96ppm

  • 2005378.97ppm

  • 2006381.13ppm

  • 2007382.9ppm

  • 2008385.01ppm

  • 2009386.5ppm

  • 2010388.76ppm

  • 2011390.63ppm

  • 2012392.65ppm

  • 2013395.39ppm

  • 2014397.34ppm

  • 2015399.65ppm

  • 2016403.09ppm

  • 2017405.22ppm

  • 2018407.62ppm

  • 2019410.07ppm

  • 2020412.44ppm

  • 2021414.72ppm

  • 2022418.56ppm

  • 2023421.08ppm

Europe

News & Views

Money talks: investors turn their focus to fossil fuel funders

With the AGM season drawing to a close, Net Zero Investor assesses how investors have switched their engagement focus from oil firms to banks

News & Views

BNP Paribas ceases underwriting of coal and gas bonds

French lender BNP Paribas has effectively ceased to participate in the issuance of bonds by the oil and gas sector, the bank confirmed at its AGM this week, in one of the most drastic pushbacks to fossil fuel lending so far

Briefs
News & Views

Does Norway’s sovereign wealth fund have a coal secret?

New research from the Nordic Center for Sustainable Finance says the fund has $18 bn invested in coal

News & Views

“Death by a thousand cuts” - why climate risk isn’t priced in

Riccardo Rebonato, professor at EDHEC Business School doesn't believe climate change will trigger a Minsky moment, he explains why investors should still be wary of current valuations

Briefs
Streaming
Podcast

NZI with Mona - climate stewardship for bonds

NZI editor Mona Dohle sat down with Josephine Richardson, managing director and head of research at the Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute to discuss the role of bonds in the net zero journey

News & Views

EV: should investors be worried about the current slowdown?

For the second instalment of the climate solutions series, Net Zero Investor examines whether the current slowdown in the electric vehicle (EV) industry has caused investors to turn their heads towards other opportunities

Briefs
News & Views

Why universal owners need modest objectives

Tom Gosling, executive fellow at London Business School argues that by aiming for less, asset owners can achieve more as universal owners

Briefs
News & Views

Shell’s lead investor to back climate resolution

MN, Climate Action 100+ lead investor for Shell has confirmed that it will back a climate resolution put forward at this year’s AGM

Briefs
Briefs
News & Views

How bond markets can battle nature loss

Josephine Richardson, head of Research at the Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute examines how investors can steer nature positive outcomes in their bond holdings