CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
News & Views

Shell’s lead investor to back climate resolution

MN, Climate Action 100+ lead investor for Shell has confirmed that it will back a climate resolution put forward at this year’s AGM

The Dutch manager, which is one of the largest pension administrators and managers for Dutch pension funds managing some €135bn, will also vote against Shell’s board remuneration and energy transition strategy on behalf of Dutch pension fund PMT.

Litmus test

While MN has previously backed climate activist resolutions put forward by Follow This, this year’s announcement is significant because MN acts as the lead investor for Shell within Climate Action 100+.

“With this pre-declaration, MN is basically urging all CA100+ members to vote for as well in order to give their lead engager greater leverage at Shell,” commented Mark van Baal,founder of Follow This.

In a statement announcing its decision, MN said that it welcomed Shell’s ambition to lower Scope 3 emissions by selling off some of its oil products. However, these would be offset by Shell’s planned expansion of fossil LNG production of 20-30% by 2030. “We do not believe this level of fossil LNG growth aligns with pathways to the Paris Climate Agreement” MN warned.

Lead investors were introduced last year as part of Phase 2 of the investor coalition’s engagement models. Under the new proposals, each focus company, including Shell, will be assigned one or two lead investors, who will be asked to disclose their schedule of engagements and escalation strategies with the respective company and also disclose their voting pattern, in an attempt to create greater transparency. Having said that, Climate Action 100+ did not specify that voting intentions must be disclosed in advance.

MN’s announcement could therefore be an important litmus test for the potential signalling power of lead investors, Van Baal argued.

“If CA100+ members want to leverage the engagement position of their lead at Shell, they will need to vote in favour of Paris-aligned targets,” says Mark van Baal, founder of Follow This, “a vote against would undermine their lead’s engagement as we saw when Shell backtracked” he warned.

Revised strategy

The Dutch climate group Follow This has slightly amended its strategy for this year’s Shell AGM and ditched calls for a 2030 short-term carbon reduction target whilst solely focussing on emission reductions. This is apparently in a bid to both prevent Shell from claiming the resolution amounted to “micro-management” which could prevent it from being voted on under the SEC’s “ordinary business rule”.

Another motivating factor for Follow This may have been to maximise institutional shareholder backing ahead of the upcoming Shell AGM on 21 May.

Indeed, a record 27 institutions collectively managing €3.9trn in assets have co-filed this year’s resolution, backers include Amundi, Scottish Widows, Swedish AP3 and AP4, Nest, Brunel, Greater Manchester Pension Fund, the UK’s Pension Protection Fund and London CIV.

However, PFZW, the second largest pension fund in the Netherlands which previously acted as a lead investor announced earlier this year that it had sold off its holdings in Shell earlier this year.

Last year, backing for Follow This’ resolution dipped somewhat with 20% of investors expressing their support, compared to 30% in 2021. This coincided with Shell backtracking on some of its climate ambitions. Follow This is hopeful that this year’s resolution could garner more support.

“We expect votes to increase as more investors follow their leading peers by voting for change at Shell, which is the bare minimum they can do,” Van Baal predicted.


More on this:

Shell under fire from investors for banking on delayed transition

Follow This ditches 2030 deadline ahead of Shell AGM


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