CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Manager Selection

News & Views

Nesta divests £120m from Northern Trust over climate alliance exits

Nesta Trust has transferred the passive global equity mandate to Amundi

News & Views

Exclusive: Taiwan’s Labor Funds chief on the long-term case for climate infrastructure

Having recently appointed five new managers for a $3bn climate infrastructure mandate, Yu-Ching Su, director general of Taiwan’s Bureau of Labor Funds, tells NZI more about the funds’ climate capital playbook

News & Views

Taiwanese pension funds select managers for $3bn climate infrastructure mandate

Five managers have been allocated total of $600m each from the Labor Pension Fund, Labor Insurance Fund and the National Pension Insurance Fund

Partner Content

NZI Climate Solutions Summit 2026

During London Climate Action Week, Net Zero Investor and Wellington Management brough together asset owners, managers and consultants to discuss opportunities to invest in climate solutions

News & Views

Speaking the same language: ABN Amro IS on net zero ambitions and manager alignment

As US and European investors diverge on climate commitments, ABN Amro IS’s Margot Seeley discusses how the firm uses engagement, voting transparency, and mandate structures to ensure manager alignment with net zero goals

News & Views

NYC Comptroller reviews BlackRock and State Street mandates in $87bn portfolio shakeup

The Office of the New York City Comptroller is reviewing its passive equity mandates managed by BlackRock and State Street in an $87bn portfolio overhaul

News & Views

Manager selection: the next frontier of climate investing?

Guidance from the IIGCC paves the way for mandates and manager selection to reflect climate expectations

News & Views

‘Change is possible’: how the John Ellerman Foundation implemented divestment in pooled funds

The John Ellerman Foundation's push to exclude primary market fossil fuel financing from pooled fund investments offers a case study in how engagement with managers can enable asset owners to punch above their weight.

News & Views

A view from the US: partnership, not product, is key to successful sustainable allocations

With the global climate investment landscape becoming increasingly polarised, strategic partnerships and bespoke mandates are the way forward argues Max Messervy, founder and principal of Oakledge Advisors, a consultancy supporting institutional asset allocators and managers on sustainable investment.

News & Views

Do the right thing: NYC Comptroller CIO on climate returns and manager accountability

Monte Tarbox, the new CIO for the New York City Comptroller, sets out his vision on climate investing for the systems

News & Views

Selecting impact managers – questions every investor should ask

Ask an asset manager how they assess impact, and you’ll usually get a confident answer. But as an investor, it is worth going a step further and digging below the surface, argues Sanjay Joshi, a consultant and impact specialist at Hymans Robertson

Briefs

Nordea Asset Management wins inaugural Kiwi sustainable equity mandate

The sub-management mandate from Pathfinder Asset Management marks Nordea’s entry into the New Zealand market

News & Views

Britain’s historic pension reforms: a new dawn for DC climate investing?

The Mansion House Accord and the Pensions Bill have implications for climate solutions investing

News & Views

Fidelity, Schroders, JP Morgan sustainable funds win SEK200bn Swedish active equity mandates

The Swedish Fund Selection Agency (FTN) has announced the winners of a SEK200bn procurement of global actively managed equity funds

Briefs

Nest launches search for ethical equity fund manager

Nest's ethical investment policy includes climate-related inclusion and exclusion criteria