CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
Veronica Humble, speaking at the NZI DC Forum 2025
Briefs

UK master trust to invest in natural capital

UK DC provider NatWest Cushon has agreed to an investment in natural capital after recently signing the new Mansion House Accord.

The investment is part of NatWest Cushon's Sustainable Investment Strategy, which has committed to a 2% allocation to the Aviva Investors Carbon Removal Fund.

The £3bn master trust said it intends to place a number of UK and international deals over the coming months with UK allocations aimed at meeting the master trust meet its Mansion House targets, which requires signatories to invest at least 10% of their default funds in private markets. 

Aviva Investors’ Carbon Removal Fund aims to deliver a return of 8% per annum over 25 years whilst also supporting institutional investors’ long-term net zero ambitions. It invests directly in nature-based and engineered carbon removal solutions, including afforestation and restoration projects, as well as commercial forestry, venture capital and private equity-based nature tech, both in the UK and globally.

Currently, about a third of the fund's portfolio is committed to carbon forestry and nature restoration it is also looking at opportunities in peatland restoration, carbon sequestration and forestry investments. Over the next ten years, the fund intends to branch out into engineered carbon removals. 

The Fund aims to invest in assets and projects that can provide measurable co-benefits, such as biodiversity enhancement, species protection and reintroduction, improved water quality, employment and public access.


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NatWest Cushon has been the first master trust to use carbon credits in a bid to reduce its carbon footprint. It was also a was a major investor in the UK’s first LTAF, Schroders Capital Climate+, building the pension scheme’s private assets exposure.

Veronica Humble, NatWest Cushon CIO commented on the latest commitment: “It’s great to add diversity to our strategy and continue to lead the way in private assets, but first and foremost this is about the investment case and the range of benefits natural capital adds to the wider strategy for our members.

“Our climate framework assesses real-world decarbonisation and portfolio resilience as well as portfolio decarbonisation. Natural capital contributes to all of these objectives over the long term. Many climate scenarios incorporate future increases in carbon prices, so we were searching for a fund positively correlated to those increasing prices over the long-term.

Jill Barber, chief distribution officer at Aviva Investors, added: “We are absolutely delighted that our Carbon Removal Fund will form a part of NatWest Cushon’s sustainable investment strategy. We look forward to contributing towards the long-term investment outcomes of its members whilst playing a key role in supporting its broader sustainability ambitions.”


More on this:

Cushon overhauls net zero strategy

Cushon's Marc Barnett on private market and carbon credit ambitions


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