• Atmospheric CO2 /Parts per Million /Annual Averages /Data Source: noaa.gov

  • 1980338.91ppm

  • 1981340.11ppm

  • 1982340.86ppm

  • 1983342.53ppm

  • 1984344.07ppm

  • 1985345.54ppm

  • 1986346.97ppm

  • 1987348.68ppm

  • 1988351.16ppm

  • 1989352.78ppm

  • 1990354.05ppm

  • 1991355.39ppm

  • 1992356.1ppm

  • 1993356.83ppm

  • 1994358.33ppm

  • 1995360.18ppm

  • 1996361.93ppm

  • 1997363.04ppm

  • 1998365.7ppm

  • 1999367.8ppm

  • 2000368.97ppm

  • 2001370.57ppm

  • 2002372.59ppm

  • 2003375.14ppm

  • 2004376.96ppm

  • 2005378.97ppm

  • 2006381.13ppm

  • 2007382.9ppm

  • 2008385.01ppm

  • 2009386.5ppm

  • 2010388.76ppm

  • 2011390.63ppm

  • 2012392.65ppm

  • 2013395.39ppm

  • 2014397.34ppm

  • 2015399.65ppm

  • 2016403.09ppm

  • 2017405.22ppm

  • 2018407.62ppm

  • 2019410.07ppm

  • 2020412.44ppm

  • 2021414.72ppm

  • 2022418.56ppm

  • 2023421.08ppm

Mona Dohle

News & Views

UK eyes £60bn investment for GB Energy with Crown Estate deal

The UK government has revealed a strategic lease agreement with the Crown Estate, aiming to attract up to £60bn in private capital for GB Energy. Will this help shore up investor confidence for wind energy?

News & Views

Seven key steps the UK’s Labour government is taking on net zero – and investor responses

The UK’s Labour government didn’t waste time attempting to turn the tide on the country’s energy transition, as the King’s Speech today highlighted. But will it be enough to convince investors?

News & Views

Inside GPIF and APG’s infrastructure deal: a tale of two net zero stories

Two of the world’s largest pension fund investors, Japanese GPIF and Dutch APG announced a joint investment programme on infrastructure, what does this mean for their net zero journeys?

News & Views

Tailwinds: Are UK investors finding opportunities onshore?

Only days after entering Downing Street, the new Labour government has lifted what it called a de-facto ban on onshore wind, could this provide tailwinds for investments in Britain’s onshore wind industry?

News & Views

US court quashes divestment challenge against New York pension funds

A US court has backed three New York City Pension Funds’ decision to divest from fossil fuels, dismissing a case put forward by conservative members

News & Views

Brunel’s Ravishankar: preventing stewardship strategies from becoming paper tigers

Vaishnavi Ravishankar, head of Stewardship at Brunel Pension Partnership takes stock of this year's AGM season arguing that climate stewardship is at an inflection point where alignment between managers and owners has to become a priority

News & Views

Investors eye energy transition opportunities in the wake of Labour landslide

UK citizens woke up to the news that the centre-left Labour party had won a landslide victory at the July the 4th General Election, investors are now carefully considering what the new political consensus could mean for the energy transition

News & Views

CalPERS reveals further details of its $100bn climate investment pledge

CalPERS, the $495.3bn pension plan for Californian public sector workers revealed further details on how it plans to execute it pledge to invest $100bn in climate assets

News & Views

Legal & General opens DC offering to private market investments

Legal & General (L&G) has unveiled the L&G Private Markets Access Fund, offering its 5.2m defined contribution (DC) members access to private markets including investments in the energy transition

News & Views

IFRS Foundation and TPT confirm details of collaboration at London Climate Week

The IFRS Foundation announced today at London Climate Week that it will assume responsibility for the disclosure-specific materials of the Transition Plan Taskforce (TPT) and other reporting initiatives

News & Views

NZIF 2.0: new asset classes, focus on real world impact

Net Zero Investment Framework (NZIF) has been overhauled, including a greater emphasis on financing reduced emissions and widening the asset classes in the scope of the framework

News & Views

Aegon leverages LTAFs to put climate targets into action

Aegon’s default workplace fund has revealed details of its first private market investments, aimed at bolstering the fund’s net zero targets

News & Views

Canbury’s Martindale: “It is time for a British responsible investment renaissance”

Will Martindale, co-founder of Canbury Insights and author of “Responsible Investment: An Insider’s Account” argues that in an age of populism, investors should see their role as policy makers, rather than being mere policy takers

News & Views

Dutch pension funds in the firing line over ESG performance link

With the country shifting to the right, Dutch pension funds are facing mounting political pressure over their climate stance.

News & Views

German manager commits to challenging fossil fuel expansion

Union Investment, one of the largest managers in the German institutional market has taken further steps to cut back fossil fuel exposure across its investment fund range

News & Views

PGGM’s Andrea Palmer on decarbonising real estate: ‘Most buildings we will be using in 2050 are already built’

Net Zero Investor sat down with Andrea Palmer, responsible investment lead for PGGM's Global Real Estate Portfolio to find out how the Dutch pension fund manager reduces its carbon footprint

News & Views

Germany plans to raise €50bn for energy transition fund

German municipal utilities firms are eyeing the institutional investment market to raise cash for the energy transition

News & Views

Bonn: five potential COP29 agenda items for investors to watch

The German city of Bonn hosts SB60, the 60th meeting of UN subsidiary bodies, which will set the agenda for the 2024 COP29 summit this week. Here are five key topics for investors to watch

News & Views

Glencore’s coal spin-off at the centre of 2024 AGM

While Glencore's planned coal spin-off was received with caution by investors, the firm's CEO used the AGM to promise shareholders a binding vote on the decision

News & Views

Exxon shareholders vote to back the board

Exxon’s shareholders have voted to re-elect all directors, including chairman Darren Woods and lead director Joseph Hooley, despite an investor campaign against their leadership

News & Views

Asset owners turn to SEC ahead of Exxon AGM

Ahead of Exxon Mobil’s AGM, a group of 39 investors representing more than $5trn in assets have turned to the SEC to voice their concerns about infringements on shareholder rights.

News & Views

Shell AGM: shareholders back new energy transition strategy

Shareholders have voted to reject a climate resolution put forward at this year’s AGM whilst backing Shell’s energy transition strategy but calls for more transparency on short-term targets dominated the meeting

News & Views

California’s new climate rules set a new standard for emissions disclosures

Emmy Shaw, an analyst at Canbury argues that the new climate legislation introduced in California has the potential to have a much wider reach

News & Views

WWFD (what would a fiduciary do)? A rejoinder to Tom Gosling

Paul Rissman, co-founder at Rights CoLab sets out why he disagrees with the view that asset owners should maintain modest objectives when it comes to tackling climate change

News & Views

BNP Paribas ceases underwriting of coal and gas bonds

French lender BNP Paribas has effectively ceased to participate in the issuance of bonds by the oil and gas sector, the bank confirmed at its AGM this week, in one of the most drastic pushbacks to fossil fuel lending so far

News & Views

Investors divided on the merits of BHP’s takeover bids for Anglo-American

The scramble for critical minerals to the energy transition has been at the heart of BHP's bid to take over Anglo American but investors warn that it could become detrimental to a sustainable transition

News & Views

Illinois treasurer and Maryland comptroller join opposition to Exxon’s leadership

Ahead of Exxon Mobil’s AGM on 29 May, the state comptrollers for Maryland and the treasurer for Illinois have also joined the pushback against Exxon's leadership

News & Views

Wespath’s Schoeppner: why we are calling for a vote against Exxon’s board

NZI caught up with Lucas Schoeppner, manager Sustainable Investment Stewardship at Wespath to find out why he is calling for a vote against Exxon's leadership

News & Views

“Death by a thousand cuts” - why climate risk isn’t priced in

Riccardo Rebonato, professor at EDHEC Business School doesn't believe climate change will trigger a Minsky moment, he explains why investors should still be wary of current valuations

News & Views

Asset owners call out Shell’s LNG expansion plans

Oil giant Shell is putting Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) at the heart of its expansion plans but ahead of its AGM, asset owners warn it is failing to meet Paris targets

News & Views

Now:Pensions’ Keith Guthrie on ditching third party managers and new stewardship strategies

UK master trust Now:Pension has ceased relationships with its third party managers over stewardship misalignment. NZI caught up with Keith Guthrie, head of sustainability at Cardano and Now:Pensions to find out more

News & Views

In pictures: NZI’s Nature Positive Investment Forum

Picture highlights from Net Zero Investor's second Nature Positive Investment Forum

News & Views

Brunel to vote against Exxon’s board

Brunel Pension Partnership has announced that it will vote against all all management resolutions at the forthcoming Exxon AGM in response to the oil firm's legal threats against shareholders

News & Views

Why universal owners need modest objectives

Tom Gosling, executive fellow at London Business School argues that by aiming for less, asset owners can achieve more as universal owners

News & Views

Nature Positive Investment Forum: a call for ambition

First impressions from Net Zero Investor's second Nature Positive Investment Forum held at the London Stock Exchange

News & Views

Shell’s lead investor to back climate resolution

MN, Climate Action 100+ lead investor for Shell has confirmed that it will back a climate resolution put forward at this year’s AGM

News & Views

Trustees must take an ‘always on’ approach to TCFD reporting

With the UK pensions regulator reviewing climate risk disclosures, Lara Rutty, director at Cardano examines how trustees gain a better understanding of climate risks in their portfolios

News & Views

‘CalPERS will not be silenced’ pension fund CEO warns Exxon Mobil

CalPERS CEO Marcie Frost has issued a stark warning to US oil giant Exxon, stressing that shareholders would not be silenced on climate change

News & Views

Rebellion brewing as Exxon targets shareholder dissent with No Action requests

Oil giant Exxon Mobil has successfully filed a No Action Request against a resolution put forward by As You Sow, but shareholders are now calling to vote against the board

News & Views

CalPERS’ Cohen takes lead of Climate Action 100+ governing committee

Michael Cohen, chief operating investment officer of the at $462.8bn US pension fund CalPERS has been appointed as chair of the Steering Committee for the investor coalition Climate Action 100+

News & Views

How bond markets can battle nature loss

Josephine Richardson, head of Research at the Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute examines how investors can steer nature positive outcomes in their bond holdings

News & Views

How are the Granola stocks scoring on climate?

European stock market growth has been dominated by a handful of companies dubbed the “Granolas”, how are they scoring on net zero?

News & Views

Carbon credits in the spotlight of SBTi row

The Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) is embroiled in a row over carbon credits, with some staff calling on their CEO to resign

News & Views

Pension academic calls for common reporting standard on emissions in Dutch portfolios

While most major pension funds have now adopted net zero targets, a common measure of emissions at portfolio level is still lacking argues Arun Muralidhar, who has examined the carbon footprints of Dutch pension fund portfolios

News & Views

2024 proxy season: key energy AGMs to watch out for

What are the key shareholder resolutions at energy firms that climate-conscious investors should be keeping an eye on this proxy season?

News & Views

Should climate engagement be focused on oil companies or governments?

Jason Fletcher, former CIO at London CIV argues that while both shareholder and policy engagement have their merits, investors should not discount the potential impact of engaging with companies

News & Views

Dutch pension industry lobbies coalition talks on climate

Coalition talks in the Netherlands could pose headwinds for the country´s energy transition. Leading representatives of the Dutch pension industry are now urging to make climate a priority

News & Views

Research spotlight: how are major oil and gas firms scoring on transition planning?

Some of the world’s largest listed oil and gas firms have come under fire for insufficiently preparing for the energy transition. Research reveals significant divergence between firms, who are the leaders and laggards?

News & Views

Swiss pension funds face stewardship misalignment challenge

Swiss asset owners find that their stewardship priorities are not always replicated by their managers

News & Views

Timing peak oil: are we heading for a delayed or timely transition?

Analysts are deeply divided when global demand for oil is likely to peak. NZI examines why asset owners are still struggling to manage the uncertainty around the transition timeline

News & Views

Dutch pension giant joins forces with co-operatives to bet on North Sea wind

Europe’s largest pension fund, the Dutch public sector fund ABP plans to open its North Sea energy development Noordzeker to more than 700 energy cooperatives

News & Views

Is the dominance of the magnificent seven bad news for your carbon footprint?

Could US stock market concentration become a stumbling block on the road to net zero?

News & Views

EU firms under pressure to enhance climate transition plans as CSDDD passes

New EU rules could trigger fines for firms with insufficient climate transition plans legal experts warn

News & Views

Shell under fire from investors for banking on delayed transition

Anglo-Dutch oil giant Shell has come under fire for dropping its short-term emission reduction targets, campaigners suggests the firm is anticipating a delayed energy transition.

News & Views

NZI Renewable Infrastructure Forum in pictures

Net Zero Investor brough together senior investors for DC, DB, LGPS funds to discuss new strategies to invest in the energy transition

News & Views

Franco-Swiss alliance to scrutinise corporate climate plans ahead of AGM season

Swiss and French investors are casting a critical eye on corporate stewardship reports in a bit to enhance accountability ahead of the 2024 AGM season, Ethos Foundation revealed

News & Views

SEC adopts watered-down climate disclosure rule: a ‘mixed bag for investors’

The US Securities and Exchange Commission has voted to adopt a watered-down version of its climate disclosure rule but dropped reporting requirements, the move was welcomed by investors who said more needs to be done

News & Views

Strategic overhaul at the People’s Pension: £15bn invested in climate tilted stocks

The People’s Pension, one of the UK’s largest private workplace pension providers has introduced an overhaul of its investment strategy, with more than half of its assets to be invested in climate aware equity strategies

News & Views

Canada’s public pension funds are moving too slowly to address the climate crisis

Canada's largest pension fund still have catching up to do when it comes to tackling the climate crisis argues Patrick de Rochie, senior manager at Shift Action for Pension Wealth and Planet Health

News & Views

CA100+ exits: asset owners double down on stewardship alignment

While some of the world’s largest managers have publicly retreated from CA100+, asset owners reiterate their commitment to tackling climate change and stress the importance of stewardship alignment with managers

News & Views

Climate Action 100+ exits- a crisis of stewardship?

Climate Action 100+ exits and the Exxon case against shareholders raise the question: can asset owners still exercise influence over climate transition planning at oil and gas firms?

News & Views

NY Common Retirement Fund cuts fossil fuel holdings

The New York State Common Retirement Fund has announced divestments in eight oil and gas companies whilst doubling its investments in climate solutions

News & Views

Is now the time to reconsider your passive exposure to fossil fuels?

Despite a short-term profit boost, fossil fuel stocks have dragged down global equity indices, as the energy transition picks up pace, their outlook is even gloomier

News & Views

Exxon investors warn of dilution of shareholder rights

Norges Bank Investment Management, a significant investor in US oil giant Exxon has raised concerns about the dilution of shareholder rights following Exxon’s decision to take two investors to court

News & Views

Not all roads lead to Paris: PFZW on navigating climate risks and engagement strategies

Colin Tissen, advisor responsible investment at PGGM, the asset manager for Dutch pension fund PFZW explains why the fund has opted to drastically cut its investments in fossil fuels

News & Views

Why we should abandon climate engagement with oil and gas firms

Joel Moreland, principal consultant Social and Environmental Finance argues that there is little benefit in engaging with oil and gas firms on climate targets

News & Views

Shareholder victory: Barclays to cease funding new fossil fuel projects

Barclays, one of the five largest banks in Europe has confirmed today that it will no longer fund new oil and gas projects, a move that was welcomed by activist shareholders

News & Views

Dutch pension fund divests €2.8bn from Shell, BP and other fossil fuel firms

PFZW, the €237.8bn pension fund for workers in the Dutch healthcare and welfare sector has confirmed that it has now sold off the bulk of its fossil fuel holdings, including positions in Shell, BP and Total Energies

News & Views

Climate risks ‘financially material’ to fiduciary duty Law Committee tells trustees

Climate change is a financially material factor which trustees should consider as part of their fiduciary duty, a UK committee advising investors on financial law has argued

News & Views

Climate transition funds defy private equity fundraising slump

While private equity has had a challenging year as fundraising slumped to a six-year low, funds banking on the energy transition appear to beat the odds

News & Views

NZI DC Forum in pictures

Delegates representing some of the UK's largest master trusts took place in the one day event to discuss how defined contribution funds can tackle climate change in their portfolios

News & Views

NZI DC Forum: funding the transition

Net Zero Investor’s second Defined Contribution (DC) Forum drew a broad array of investors to the London Stock Exchange to discuss how DC funds are adapting their portfolios to the energy transition

News & Views

Morningstar’s Bioy: “Investors increasingly understand the need to finance transition companies”

Hortense Bioy, global director of Sustainability Research at Morningstar sat down with NZI editor Mona Dohle to examine why investors are turning from low carbon to energy transition funds and if the US elections could become a stumbling block on the road to net zero

News & Views

The energy transition doesn’t require a surge in capex but a reallocation

The energy transition is often presented as extremely costly but Kingsmill Bond and Sam Butler-Sloss at the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) argue that this is not necessarily true

News & Views

How to attract more DC investment in productive finance and the energy transition

Paul Tinslay, a professional trustee at Dalriada examines steps the UK government could take to attract more DC investment in the energy transition

News & Views

Exxon’s case against activist shareholders highlights new stewardship challenges

Oil giant Exxon Mobil is taking its shareholders to court over their climate activist resolution for this year’s AGM. What are the implications for climate stewardship?

News & Views

Wiltshire’s Jennifer Devine: Why we will divest from fossil fuels

Jennifer Devine, head of the Wiltshire Pension Fund, a £3bn UK local authority pension fund explains why her team made the decision to sell all oil and gas firms by 2030

News & Views

Follow This ditches 2030 deadline ahead of Shell AGM

Campaign group Follow This has revealed that its resolution for the 2024 Shell AGM will abandon a hard date for interim targets and focus on the broader adoption of Scope 3 reporting

News & Views

COP28’s ‘action agenda’ signposts five key areas of long-term investment opportunity

Imraan Mohammed, Climate Opportunities portfolio manager at Border to Coast examines why the COP28 pledges could offer significant tailwinds for the energy transition

News & Views

Swedish pension giant in the firing line over Saudi Aramco holding

Swedish pension fund AP7, which manages around $87.6bn in assets, has come under criticism from environmental campaigners over its investments in Saudi Aramco

News & Views

Why we urgently need to reform investor compensation rules to ‘transition away’ from fossil fuels

Anatole Boute, professor at the Chinese University Hong Kong specialising in Energy Law argues that current investor compensation rules do not yet accurately value the cost of the energy transition

News & Views

Brightwell’s Wyn Francis: ‘the transition is on the verge of accelerating’

As part of our new podcast series, NZI with Mona, Net Zero Investor sat down with Brightwell CIO Wyn Francis to discuss the challenges of decarbonising a fixed-income heavy portfolio.

News & Views

Jason Fletcher on climate investment: aligning government policy with investor aspirations

Jason Fletcher, former CIO at London CIV examines how the next UK government could scale up investment in the energy transition

News & Views

How are the UK’s master trusts tackling the net zero challenge?

The UK's rapidly growing master trust market could become a key player in the transition towards a net zero economy

News & Views

New FCA sustainability rules won’t deliver accountability for climate harm

Mick McAteer co-director at the Financial Inclusion Centre and former FCA board member argues that the UK watchdog's sustainability disclosure and investment label regime will not be enough to hold investors accountable for climate harm

News & Views

Dirty debt: rising yields put spotlight on carbon footprint of bond portfolios

Rising interest rates have led to increased institutional allocations in fixed income assets but this also raises concerns about decarbonisation strategies for bond portfolios

News & Views

UK asset owners join London CIV’s call for wider adoption of pass-through voting

A coalition of investors representing over £250 billion in assets has teamed up with LGPS pool London CIV to call for a wider adoption of pass-through voting by asset managers

News & Views

In pictures: highlights from Net Zero Investor’s Annual Conference

Net Zero Investors Annual Conference took place at the London Stock Exchange this week, attracting senior investors to discuss the future of net zero investing

News & Views

Row over fossil fuel language – COP28 ‘on the verge of failure’

Leaked policy documents from COP28 reveal that fossil fuel pledges have been watered to 'phaseout' rather than 'phasedown', why does the row over a word matter to investors?

News & Views

NZI Annual Conference: a turning point for the energy transition

Net Zero Investor’s second Annual Conference at the London Stock Exchange in London demonstrated a strong sense that the global energy transition has now hit a crucial turning point

News & Views

Transition planning takes centre stage at COP28

In the wake of Finance Day at COP28, investor coalitions on climate change took the opportunity to outline their guidelines on transition planning

News & Views

COP28 day one: the key talking points

With COP28 kicking off in Dubai, Net Zero Investor took a closer look at the key investment and finance themes on the agenda

News & Views

COP 28 trade deal scandal highlights presidency’s conflict of interest

Leaked documents suggest that COP president Sultan Al Jaber used his role to strike new oil and gas deals but also attempts to gain influence in renewables markets

News & Views

Tony Juniper: “The human economy is a wholly owned subsidiary of nature”

Net Zero Investor sat down with Tony Juniper, chair of Natural England to discuss the long-term case for nature positive investments

News & Views

UK’s Autumn Statement: five net zero talking points

The UK government is betting on investment incentives rather than stimulus to attract net zero investment. We took a look at five key talking points for green investors in this year's Autumn Statement

News & Views

Chandra Gopinathan on bondholder stewardship: ‘We have to create new accountability mechanisms’

With bonds making a comeback, Net Zero Investor spoke to Railpen's Chandra Gopinathan about his efforts to create greater accountability on climate targets for bond issuers

News & Views

COP28: could investors be hit by a sudden phaseout of fossil fuel subsidies?

Ahead of COP28, Net Zero Investor takes a closer look at the distribution of subsidies across the globe. To reach global climate change targets a scale back of subsidies is essential. But could this impact the investment case for these assets?

News & Views

CalPERS doubles climate solutions: ‘The first objective is to create outperformance’

CalPERS, the largest public pension fund in the US is planning a significant overhaul of its climate strategy, including doubling its investments in climate solutions by the end of the decade

News & Views

Higher rates pose challenge for renewables

As developers pull out of wind projects in the US and UK, how can investors in renewables protect themselves in an increasingly challenging environment?

News & Views

UK investors debate how to fund the energy transition amid a cost-of-living crisis

Investors are divided on how to tackle the UK’s energy transition, and the role of policy makers in leading the net zero agenda