CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
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Iberdrola, GIC expand Brazilian transmission joint venture

Singaporean sovereign wealth fund GIC will partner with Spanish utility Iberdrola to develop transmission infrastructure in Brazil. The strategic partnership comes three years after the establishment of Neoenergia Transmissão, a joint venture between Iberdrola’s subsidiary Neoenergia and GIC.

GIC’s latest expansion of its partnership with Neoenergia will add seven transmission assets to the platform and increase the latter’s stake in the JV to 51%, with GIC owning the remaining 49%.


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The transaction brings the JV’s asset value to roughly €4.25bn spread across over 16 assets and 6700km of transmission lines. The portfolio, which Iberdrola says is geographically diversified, has estimated annual revenues of €320m.

For Iberdrola, the transaction reflects the group’s strategic focus on electricity networks. A focus, it shares with GIC. The fund’s sustainable investing disclosures outline a plan to capture opportunities in industries such as utilities which are shifting to low-carbon energy.

By 2028, Iberdrola plans to deploy €37bn into transmission-related assets. The capital allocation plan targets the US, UK and Brazil – a choice driven by stable regulatory frameworks in these countries.

According to its disclosures, the company’s focus on transmission is set against the backdrop of rising electrification and a parallel €21bn investment into clean energy generation by 2028. Along the same timelines, Iberdrola plans to achieve 60GW of installed capacity, of which it expects 90% to be emissions-free.

Given the significant share of clean energy in its electricity mix (89%), Brazil’s transmission infrastructure is key to keeping the transition momentum going. Iberdrola currently operates 3600MW of renewable energy generation in Brazil, most of which is through hydroelectricity – which accounts for over half of the country’s electricity generation.

“Its [ Brazil’s] primary task now is to strengthen transmission grids and expand energy storage capacity to fully leverage its installed clean energy potential”, writes Wilmar Suarez, senior energy analyst for Latin America at Ember – a think tank.

When Brazil hosted COP30 in November 2025, its presidency stewarded a focus on investment into grids and transmission infrastructure. A high-level ministerial on grids and storage saw UNEZA, a net zero alliance for utilities, announce plans to invest $1tn in transmission infrastructure by 2030.

“There is no transition without transmission”, Brazil’s national secretary for energy transition and planning Gustavo Ataíde quipped at the time.

Iberdrola, GIC expand Brazilian transmission joint venture

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