CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Stewardship

News & Views

Cracking the Code for effective stewardship

Will Martindale, co-founder of Canbury and author of 'Responsible Investment: An Insider’s Account' examines the impact of changes to the FRC's stewardship code

Briefs
News & Views

IIGCC’s Mahesh Roy: “Engagement in private markets is critical for net zero”

Part 1 of NZI’s Stewardship Series looks at best practice engagement strategies for private equity and private credit investors

News & Views

US court quashes divestment challenge against New York pension funds

A US court has backed three New York City Pension Funds’ decision to divest from fossil fuels, dismissing a case put forward by conservative members

News & Views

Brunel’s Ravishankar: preventing stewardship strategies from becoming paper tigers

Vaishnavi Ravishankar, head of Stewardship at Brunel Pension Partnership takes stock of this year's AGM season arguing that climate stewardship is at an inflection point where alignment between managers and owners has to become a priority

Briefs
Streaming
Podcast

NZI with Nawar - Successful decarbonisation

NZI head of research Atharva Deshmukh and Kanata Advisors CEO Nawar Alsaadi talk about the main focus points for investors engaging on cooperate decarbonisation strategies

News & Views

Toyota AGM: shareholders reject climate lobbying resolution

Investors remain concerned about the company’s political footprint.

Briefs
Briefs
News & Views

Exxon shareholders vote to back the board

Exxon’s shareholders have voted to re-elect all directors, including chairman Darren Woods and lead director Joseph Hooley, despite an investor campaign against their leadership

News & Views

Asset owners turn to SEC ahead of Exxon AGM

Ahead of Exxon Mobil’s AGM, a group of 39 investors representing more than $5trn in assets have turned to the SEC to voice their concerns about infringements on shareholder rights.

Briefs
News & Views

Shell AGM: shareholders back new energy transition strategy

Shareholders have voted to reject a climate resolution put forward at this year’s AGM whilst backing Shell’s energy transition strategy but calls for more transparency on short-term targets dominated the meeting

Briefs