CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Stewardship

News & Views

‘Our net zero voting guidelines are deliberately stretching’: how The People’s Pension is pushing its new managers

One year after The People’s Pension divested from State Street, Net Zero Investor caught up with head of responsible investment Leanne Clements to discuss how its approach to stewardship and responsible investment has evolved

News & Views

Oil and gas assets account for the bulk of BP’s losses

Ahead of BP’s full-year results due tomorrow morning, new research suggests that fossil fuel holdings, rather than renewables, account for the majority of the company’s losses and impairments.

News & Views

Major asset owners raise concerns over capital allocation at BP AGM

A coalition of institutional investors is filing a shareholder resolution at BP’s upcoming AGM, raising concerns about the oil major’s surge in upstream spending amid increased shareholder scrutiny of profitability

News & Views

Brunel may face wind-down but our exceptional RI impact is repeatable

Brunel, one of the UK's LGPS pools faces being wound down. Faith Ward, chief responsible investment officer reflects on the pool’s key achievements and urges other LGPS investors to continue the legacy on responsible investing

News & Views

Top US managers ‘dampen’ market support for shareholder resolutions

Support for shareholder resolutions among the largest US asset managers continued to decline in 2025, weakening overall levels of shareholder engagement, new research shows

Briefs
News & Views

Climate resolutions at Shell and BP AGMs shift focus from Paris alignment to shareholder value

Investors filing climate resolutions at Shell and BP are reframing the debate, demanding a financial case for oil and gas expansion rather than Paris alignment

Briefs
News & Views

AI and proxy voting: a Matrix moment for stewardship?

JP Morgan set an important precedent earlier this month when it announced that it had cut ties with external proxy advisers in favour of an AI-powered in-house tool. Is this much-needed progress that could break the oligopolistic proxy market, or a concerning step that risks weakening stewardship standards?

Briefs
Streaming
Podcast

NZI with Atharva: looking back at COP30 - where to next?

Atharva Deshmukh discusses the highlights of COP30 with Sung-Ah Kyun, associate director and head of policy, research and partnerships at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and Antonina Scheer, deputy director, policy at TPI Global Climate Transition Centre at the LSE.

Partner Content

What we’ve learnt from our just adaptation engagements

Carlota Garcia-Manas, Head of Climate Transition and ESG Engagement and Charles Stott, Responsible Investment Analyst at Royal London Asset Management explore how climate adaptation can be designed to deliver fair outcomes for people and the planet - sharing insights from a year of engagement across sectors

Briefs
News & Views

European and American asset managers diverge on climate lobbying, new research shows

Globally, most managers are either ‘inactive or inconsistent’ on climate lobbying, despite asset owner interest in the topic rising, according to new research among the 39 largest managers

Briefs