CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
In-Brief
Dublin, Ireland credit: Shutterstock
Briefs

Four major managers appointed to run €17.6bn Irish sovereign funds

Four of the world’s largest asset managers have been appointed to manage assets for Ireland’s Future Ireland Funds, the sovereign wealth vehicles launched by the Irish government.

The funds, which were established in 2024, are designed to help meet long-term fiscal pressures, including population ageing and climate change. They comprise the €13.1bn Future Ireland Fund (FIF), focused on broader expenditure pressures, and the €4.5bn Infrastructure, Climate and Nature Fund (ICNF).

The ICNF is designed to operate as a countercyclical vehicle, available to support state spending in the event of future economic shocks, as well as to finance designated environmental projects between 2026 and 2030.

The Irish government has committed 0.8% of GDP annually to the new vehicles, with a significant share expected to be invested in climate and energy transition-related assets.


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Ireland’s National Treasury Management Agency (NTMA), which acts as controller and manager of the funds, has confirmed the appointment of Amundi, BlackRock and State Street to manage a portion of the assets.

The firms have been selected to provide passive investment management services and will track major market indices in line with each fund’s respective benchmarks.

To date, the Future Ireland Fund invests predominantly in developed market equities and holds a 20% allocation to bonds. Over time, around 20% of its portfolio is expected to be allocated to private markets, with planned exposure to real assets, private equity and private credit.

Meanwhile, the ICNF currently invests solely in fixed income but will gradually introduce a 10% allocation to higher-risk debt instruments.

The NTMA said it expects to run further public procurement processes in due course to appoint managers for the additional asset classes that will be added to the portfolios.


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