CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Paris Alignment

News & Views

Climate investing gap among Canadian pension giants is widening, campaigners warn

The gap in climate ambitions among Canadian pension funds is widening, with some funds leading the way while others lag behind, according to new research

News & Views

Leaders and laggards: why climate strategies differ across US public pension funds

Against the backdrop of growing political backlash against climate ambitions, climate strategies and targets at US public pension schemes are diverging

News & Views

AP7 excludes BP, Woodside, Chevron and TotalEnergies over Paris alignment concerns

AP7, Sweden’s largest public pension fund, has adopted widespread exclusions of major fossil fuel companies, raising concerns that these firms are no longer aligned with the Paris Agreement

Briefs

LifeSight DC Master Trust invests £400m in AXA transition credit fund

Willis Towers Watson’s LifeSight DC master trust has provided seed capital for AXA Investment Managers’ Carbon Transition Global Core Credit Fund

News & Views

COP30 stocktake: what did Belém deliver?

With COP30 wrapping up, a fossil fuel phase-out agreement turned out to be elusive but COP30 delivered several investor-relevant outcomes. From TFFF and forest financing to grid investment and adaptation finance, here’s what the mutirão means for investors

Briefs
News & Views

‘Wrong signal’: watering down Omnibus criticised

The European Parliament’s new negotiating position contradicts investor demands to protect CSRD and CSDDD

News & Views

COP 30: Brazil’s Tropical Forest Forever Facility needs $100bn of institutional capital

At COP30, Brazil is planning the launch of a new Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF), the blended finance investment fund could become one of the world's largest emerging market investment vehicles

Streaming
Podcast

NZI with Atharva: green bond fees - can banks have their cake & eat it too? 

Despite widely prevalent fossil fuel lending and the NZBA ceasing operations, green bonds are a profitable business opportunity for banks. How long can banks have their cake and eat it too? Josephine Richardson, MD & head of research at Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute (AFII) joins Atharva Deshmukh to discuss the latest trends in syndication fees and why that matters

News & Views

Itaú Unibanco, JP Morgan Chase and Bank of America top financiers of Amazon disruption

Global lenders have provided more than $2bn (£1.6bn) in financing for new oil and gas projects in the Amazon so far this year, with Brazilian and US banks emerging as key backers, while many European lenders have scaled back their involvement

Streaming
Podcast

NZI with Mona: Lindsey Stewart on NZI AC highlights: where next for climate investing?

Lindsey Stewart, director of Institutional Insights at Morningstar takes stock of the highlights of this year’s Net Zero Investor Annual Conference and key trends for climate investing in 2026

News & Views

NZBA collapses as divide widens between green and fossil lenders

The world’s largest climate alliance for banks has wound down operations only four years after launch, marking a major setback for collective net-zero efforts in global finance

News & Views

Turning the tabs off for Total: investor day overshadowed by market caution

Energy giant Total held its investor day yesterday in a bid to reassure shareholders about its capital expenditure. The company doubled down on fossil fuels, but many large investors remain unconvinced

Briefs
News & Views

The Paris blacklist: inside AP7’s decision to revamp climate exclusions

This autumn, the Swedish asset owner is set to implement new changes to its Paris Agreement-based exclusion process