CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Netherlands

Briefs
News & Views

Dutch pension funds in the firing line over ESG performance link

With the country shifting to the right, Dutch pension funds are facing mounting political pressure over their climate stance.

Briefs
News & Views

PGGM’s Andrea Palmer on decarbonising real estate: ‘Most buildings we will be using in 2050 are already built’

Net Zero Investor sat down with Andrea Palmer, responsible investment lead for PGGM's Global Real Estate Portfolio to find out how the Dutch pension fund manager reduces its carbon footprint

Briefs
News & Views

Shell AGM: shareholders back new energy transition strategy

Shareholders have voted to reject a climate resolution put forward at this year’s AGM whilst backing Shell’s energy transition strategy but calls for more transparency on short-term targets dominated the meeting

News & Views

Asset owners call out Shell’s LNG expansion plans

Oil giant Shell is putting Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) at the heart of its expansion plans but ahead of its AGM, asset owners warn it is failing to meet Paris targets

Briefs
News & Views

Shell’s lead investor to back climate resolution

MN, Climate Action 100+ lead investor for Shell has confirmed that it will back a climate resolution put forward at this year’s AGM

News & Views

Pension academic calls for common reporting standard on emissions in Dutch portfolios

While most major pension funds have now adopted net zero targets, a common measure of emissions at portfolio level is still lacking argues Arun Muralidhar, who has examined the carbon footprints of Dutch pension fund portfolios

News & Views

Dutch pension industry lobbies coalition talks on climate

Coalition talks in the Netherlands could pose headwinds for the country´s energy transition. Leading representatives of the Dutch pension industry are now urging to make climate a priority

News & Views

Dutch pension giant joins forces with co-operatives to bet on North Sea wind

Europe’s largest pension fund, the Dutch public sector fund ABP plans to open its North Sea energy development Noordzeker to more than 700 energy cooperatives

News & Views

Green hydrogen: the ‘champagne’ of the energy transition?

As part of Net Zero Investor’s first instalment in a climate solutions series, Aysha Gilmore takes a deeper look at the case for investing in hydrogen

News & Views
News & Views

Not all roads lead to Paris: PFZW on navigating climate risks and engagement strategies

Colin Tissen, advisor responsible investment at PGGM, the asset manager for Dutch pension fund PFZW explains why the fund has opted to drastically cut its investments in fossil fuels