CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Risk Management

News & Views

Why crossing global tipping points is bad news for investors

Ahead of COP30 in Brazil next month, Kai Johns, senior ESI researcher at Greenbank, the responsible investment specialists in Rathbones examines the latest Global Tipping Points Report and why crossing planetary boundaries will hit investment portfolios

News & Views

When raising over $1bn goes wrong: a climate-tech investor cautionary tale

As climate-tech companies raise bigger rounds, premature scaling and underperformance can have severe consequences for both investors and founders, argues Laurie Menoud, founding partner of California-based VC firm At One Ventures

News & Views

Collateral climate haircuts: the ECB’s new ‘climate factor’ could reshape bond portfolios

A climate risk adjustment to collateral valuations could steer capital away from carbon-intensive issuers

News & Views

Uninsurable mean uninvestable: pricing in physical and litigation risks

Investors are bracing themselves for a stark increase in litigation costs as the physical impacts of climate change become increasingly tangible yet pricing this in remains far from straightforward

Briefs
News & Views

NYC comptroller warns managers to improve climate reporting or risk divestment

The New York City Pension Systems have presented their managers with a new deadline on climate reporting, threatening to divest from those who fail to meet expectations

News & Views

Trump’s tariffs send global oil prices tumbling, posing new challenges to fossil fuel firms

Global oil prices have plunged by more than 15% since last week following US president Trump’s tariff announcement, posing new challenges to the fossil fuel industry

News & Views

What does BlackRock’s new “energy pragmatism” tell us about net zero investment?

BlackRock CEO and chairman Larry Fink has published his annual letter to investors, with climate change being ominously absent. What does this tell us about the state of net zero investing?

Briefs
News & Views

Why the UK’s foreign office is backing a $100m blended finance climate fund in the Pacific Islands

Camco has received backing from the UK Foreign Office and the New Zealand government to launch a first-of-its-kind fund in a bid to crowd-in private capital into the region’s energy transition

News & Views

UK pension funds face $19bn in stranded assets by 2040

The UK economy is heading for a $141bn loss caused by stranded assets, with pension funds on track to lose up to $19bn within the next 15 years new research finds

News & Views

Nordic banks in the firing line over fossil fuel lending

The largest banks in the Nordics are continuing to finance the expansion of coal, oil, and gas production, despite their commitments to the Paris Agreement, new research finds

News & Views

BP to ramp up fossil fuel production and slash renewables

Critics warn that the oil major's doubling down on fossil fuel expansion risks stranded assets and long-term financial fallout

News & Views

US regulators no longer see climate as a material financial risk

While the SEC has frozen plans for climate-related disclosures, the Federal Reserve, FDIC, US Treasury Department, and OCC have all walked out on Network for Greening the Financial System

News & Views

Green divide: Canada’s pension giants split on climate

As political headwinds and climate impacts worsen, Shift’s latest report card reveals which pension funds are taking action—and which ones are falling behind