CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm
CO2 / PPM /Annual Averages / Data Source: noaa.gov 1980 338.91ppm 1981 340.11ppm 1982 340.86ppm 1983 342.53ppm 1984 344.07ppm 1985 345.54ppm 1986 346.97ppm 1987 348.68ppm 1988 351.16ppm 1989 352.78ppm 1990 354.05ppm 1991 355.39ppm 1992 356.1ppm 1993 356.83ppm 1994 358.33ppm 1995 360.18ppm 1996 361.93ppm 1997 363.04ppm 1998 365.7ppm 1999 367.8ppm 2000 368.97ppm 2001 370.57ppm 2002 372.59ppm 2003 375.14ppm 2004 376.96ppm 2005 378.97ppm 2006 381.13ppm 2007 382.9ppm 2008 385.01ppm 2009 386.5ppm 2010 388.76ppm 2011 390.63ppm 2012 392.65ppm 2013 395.39ppm 2014 397.34ppm 2015 399.65ppm 2016 403.09ppm 2017 405.22ppm 2018 407.62ppm 2019 410.07ppm 2020 412.44ppm 2021 414.72ppm 2022 418.56ppm 2023 421.08ppm 2024 424.61ppm 2025 427.35ppm

Stewardship

News & Views

‘Disappointing’ -  FRC drops ESG from stewardship definition

The UK’s Financial Reporting Council (FRC) has released an updated version of its widely observed Stewardship Code, which no longer explicitly refers to environmental and social benefits, a move some in the industry have labelled disappointing

Briefs
Streaming
Podcast

NZI with Mona: how bond investors can tackle deforestation exposures

How can bond investors tackle deforestation risks across their portfolios? NZI editor Mona Dohle speaks to Josephine Richardson, head of research at the Anthropocene Fixed Income Institute to find out more.

News & Views

Banking on bankers: is investor pressure on fossil fuel lenders falling short?

Despite consistent investor demand, most banks are yet to refine their transition strategies

News & Views

US-Europe manager divergence on climate widens

The gap between European and US managers on climate action is widening further, amid growing pressures from asset owners on stewardship alignment

News & Views

Shell AGM: significant minority of investors raise concern about LNG push

A significant minority of shareholders has backed a resolution questioning Shell's planned LNG expansion amid growing divisions about the company's transition strategy

News & Views

Are we entering a ‘dark age’ for shareholder participation in fossil fuel AGMs?

Brynn O’Brien, executive director at the Australasian Centre for Corporate Responsibility (ACCR) reflects on an increasingly repressive environment at fossil fuel AGMs, urging investors to push back against a hollowing out of shareholder rights

News & Views

Woodside AGM: investor discontent over climate governance grows

Nearly 20% of shareholders vote against sustainability committee chair Ann Pickard

Briefs
News & Views

Revealed: the companies with exposure to deforestation debt and how investors can engage

Multinational companies have raised more than $60bn of debt with exposure to deforestation in the first quarter of 2025 alone, but bond maturities offer investors a crucial window to engage

News & Views

Mind the gap: younger DC members care about the planet, their pension funds should take note

Natalie Waller, an independent trustee joins forces with HS Trustees MD Bobby Riddaway urging DC Schemes not to ignore inter-generational risk

News & Views

BP suffers historic shareholder rebellion at 2025 AGM

At BP’s AGM today, nearly a quarter of shareholders opposed the reappointment of the chair, expressing their discontent with the firm’s scaled-back climate ambitions

News & Views

Investors predeclare vote against BP chair in protest at climate U-turn

A group of major investors in BP have confirmed that they will oppose the reappointment of the company’s outgoing chair, in protest at the firm’s scaled-back climate ambitions

News & Views

Follow This pauses shareholder resolutions citing lack of investor support

Dutch campaign group Follow This is not filing any proposals during this AGM season, highlighting growing reluctance among investors to back shareholder activism

News & Views

NYC comptroller warns managers to improve climate reporting or risk divestment

The New York City Pension Systems have presented their managers with a new deadline on climate reporting, threatening to divest from those who fail to meet expectations